AEC

               Name : Kuvadiya Prinsi  H.

                     Paper : AEC

            Class : S.Y B.A ( ENGLISH )

College : Maharani shree nandkuvarba mahila Arts 
                     And commerc college 



    Class assignment      




    The simple past tense      

1. Positive Sentences

 (Sakaratmak)


Sentence Structure:

  • Active: Subject + V2 + Object

  • Passive: Object + was/were + V3 + (by Subject)

Examples :


  1. Active: They played football.
    Passive: Football was played by them.


  1. Active: She cooked dinner.
    Passive: Dinner was cooked by her.

2. Negative Sentences (Nakaratmak)


Sentence Structure

  • Active: Subject + did not + base verb + Object

  • Passive: Object + was/were not + V3 + (by Subject)

Examples:

  1. Active: He did not clean the room.
    Passive: The room was not cleaned by him.


  1. Active: They did not play football.
    Passive: Football was not played by them.


  1. Active: She did not cook dinner.
    Passive: Dinner was not cooked by her.

3. Interrogative Sentences (Prashnatmak)

Sentence Structure:

  • Active: Did + Subject + base verb + Object?

  • Passive: Was/Were + Object + V3 + (by Subject)?

Examples:


  1. Active: Did he clean the room?
    Passive: Was the room cleaned by him?


  1. Active: Did they play football?
    Passive: Was football played by them?


  1. Active: Did she cook dinner?
    Passive: Was dinner cooked by her?

4. Special Cases 


  1. No object → Passive nai bane

    • Active: He slept. → Passive not convert.

  1. Modal verbs (past)


    • Active: She could finish the work.
    • Passive: The work could be finished by her.

  1. By + subject optional


    • Active: Someone wrote the book.

    • Passive: The book was 

1. Object or subject plural/singular


  • Singular object → was
  • Plural object → were

Example:


  • Active: She wrote a letter. → Passive: A letter was written by her.
  • Active: They wrote letters. → Passive: Letters 

4. Short Passive without “by”


  • Use when doer is unknown or unimportant.
  • Example:
  • Active: Someone broke the window.
  • Passive: The window was broken.

5. Time Expressions


  • Past time expressions still apply in passive: yesterday, last night, two days ago…

Example:


  • Active: She wrote the report yesterday.
  • Passive: The report was written yesterday.

6. Quick Memory Trick (Formula Reminder)

Active → Passive:


  • Object = new Subject
  • Was/Were + Past Participle
  • Subject = by + Old Subject (optional)

Negative: Add not after was/were
Question: Swap was/were with object

           

      Home assignment  


Reading comprehension 

Passage:

Climate change is one of the most serious challenges facing the world today. It refers to long-term changes in temperature, rainfall, and weather patterns caused largely by human activities. The burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, releases greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. These gases trap heat, causing the Earth's temperature to rise. Rising temperatures lead to melting glaciers, rising sea levels, and extreme weather events such as hurricanes, floods, and droughts. Climate change also affects plants, animals, and humans. Crops may fail due to irregular rainfall, and some species may become extinct. To combat climate change, it is important to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, use renewable sources of energy, plant more trees, and adopt sustainable practices. Every individual, community, and government has a role to play in protecting the environment for future generations.

Questions

  1. What is climate change?
  2. What are the main causes of climate change?
  3. Name some greenhouse gases mentioned in the passage.
  4. List three effects of rising temperatures.
  5. How does climate change affect crops and animals?
  6. Mention some ways to combat climate change.
  7. Who has a role in protecting the environment?
  8. What is the main idea of the passage?

Answers

  1. Climate change is long-term changes in temperature, rainfall, and weather patterns caused largely by human activities.
  2. The main causes are burning fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas, which release greenhouse gases.
  3. Carbon dioxide is mentioned as a greenhouse gas.
  4. Three effects of rising temperatures are: melting glaciers, rising sea levels, and extreme weather events like hurricanes, floods, and droughts.
  5. Crops may fail due to irregular rainfall, and some animal species may become extinct.
  6. Ways to combat climate change include reducing greenhouse gas emissions, using renewable energy, planting more trees, and adopting sustainable practices.
  7. Every individual, community, and government has a role in protecting the environment.
  8. Main idea: Climate change is a serious problem caused by human activities, affecting the Earth and living beings, and everyone must act to protect the environment.
  Essay  

Essay on Dialogue 
       



1. What is Dialogue 

Dialogue writing is a conversation between two or more people on a particular topic. It is often used to:

  • Express opinions or ideas
  • Show a discussion or debate
  • Practice communication skills in writing

2. Rules for Dialogue Writing

  1. Start with the topic/title of the dialogue.
  2. Write names of the speakers followed by a colon (:).
  3. Each speaker’s lines should be on a new line.
  4. Use punctuation properly, especially quotation marks, commas, and question marks.
  5. Keep the conversation natural and relevant to the topic.
  6. Conclude with a morale or summary if required.

3. Example of Dialogue Writing

Topic: Importance of Reading Books

Riya: Hi Aman! I see you reading a book. Which book is it?
Aman: Hi Riya! It’s “The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes.” I love mystery stories.
Riya: That’s interesting. I think reading books is very important.
Aman: Yes! Books help us gain knowledge and improve our imagination.
Riya: They also help in learning new words and improving language skills.
Aman: Absolutely. Reading can also reduce stress and increase focus.
Riya: I try to read at least one book every month. It’s really fun and informative.
Aman: Same here! Reading makes a person wise and confident. 

Conclusion:

Reading books is not only enjoyable but also improves knowledge, imagination, and communication skills. Everyone should make reading a habit.

  

   Thank you                                    

High School English Grammar and Composition – Wren & Martin (classic for dialogues & grammar)
Oxford English Practice book
Cambridge English Skills book

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